Top Fertility Supplements for Men: What Science Says

Evidence suggests that sperm quality is declining globally. Issues of low sperm count, poor motility and high rates of abnormal morphology contribute to male factor infertility, which is implicated in up to 50% of cases where couples are struggling to conceive. In some cases sperm analysis appears normal but additional testing reveals DNA fragmentation, meaning sperm cannot fertilise the egg effectively.

Targeted nutritional supplementation is one of the most practical ways to support sperm health, and several supplements have been studied in clinical research for their potential benefits. Here is what the science currently supports.

1. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

CoQ10 is one of the most researched supplements for male fertility. It is an antioxidant that plays a central role in mitochondrial energy production, which is directly relevant to sperm motility. Sperm cells require significant amounts of ATP to power their movement, and CoQ10 is essential to this process.

Clinical research suggests CoQ10 supplementation may improve sperm motility, concentration and morphology. Ubiquinol, the active form of CoQ10, is up to 70% more bioavailable than standard ubiquinone and is generally preferred for fertility use. Read more about CoQ10 and sperm motility here.

2. Zinc

Zinc is essential for normal sperm production and function. It plays a role in testosterone synthesis, sperm maturation and protecting sperm from oxidative stress. Research has consistently linked zinc deficiency with reduced sperm count, poor motility and abnormal morphology. Studies suggest that zinc supplementation may improve semen parameters in men with deficiency.¹

Dietary sources of zinc include oysters, beef, pumpkin seeds and legumes, though supplementation is often used to ensure consistent intake at the levels associated with benefit.

3. Folate

Folate (vitamin B9) is important for DNA synthesis and repair, and contributes to the genetic quality of sperm. Research from the University of California, Berkeley found that men with low folate intake had a 20% higher incidence of sperm abnormalities compared to men with adequate levels.²

We recommend the bioavailable form folate rather than synthetic folic acid, as some men may have MTHFR gene variants that reduce their ability to convert folic acid effectively. Zita West supplements use Quatrefolic, a patented bioavailable form of folate. Learn about the difference between folate and folic acid here.

4. Antioxidants

Oxidative stress is one of the most significant contributors to poor sperm quality, affecting motility, morphology and DNA integrity. Several antioxidant nutrients have research support in this area:

• Vitamin C: A powerful antioxidant that may help protect sperm from oxidative damage and support sperm count, motility and morphology.
• Vitamin E: May help protect sperm cell membranes from oxidative damage and has been shown in some studies to support sperm motility and fertilisation rates.
• Selenium: Important for the proper development and function of sperm. Selenium has antioxidant properties and supports overall reproductive health. Deficiency has been associated with reduced sperm motility.
• NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine): A precursor to glutathione, the body's primary antioxidant. Research suggests NAC may support sperm quality by reducing oxidative stress and improving DNA integrity. Zita West NAC provides 600mg per serving.

To learn more about the role of antioxidants in sperm health, read our guide to antioxidants and male fertility here.

5. L-Carnitine

L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative important for energy metabolism in sperm cells. It is found in high concentrations in the epididymis, where sperm mature, and plays a role in supporting sperm motility by facilitating the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria for energy production. Some clinical studies have shown improvements in sperm motility with L-carnitine supplementation, particularly in men with low motility.

6. Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, are important for the fluidity and integrity of sperm cell membranes. DHA is the predominant fatty acid in sperm and is important for the structural changes sperm undergo during fertilisation. Research suggests omega-3 supplementation may support sperm count, motility and morphology.

7. Vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency is common, particularly in the UK, and has been associated with reduced sperm motility and lower testosterone levels. Research suggests that men with adequate vitamin D levels tend to have better sperm quality and higher testosterone than those who are deficient. A daily vitamin D supplement is a simple and low-cost addition to a male fertility plan.

A comprehensive approach: Vitamen and the Ultimate Male IVF Support Pack

Rather than piecing together individual supplements, a targeted male fertility multivitamin covers the majority of these nutrients in a single daily product.

For more on nutrition and male fertility, read our guide to the 7 best foods for male fertility here, or try Zita's antioxidant avocado smoothie recipe here.

FAQs: male fertility supplements

What are the most important supplements for male fertility?

The nutrients with the strongest evidence for male fertility are CoQ10, zinc, folate, antioxidants (vitamins C and E, selenium, NAC), omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D and L-carnitine. Zita West Vitamen covers the majority of these in a single daily supplement, and Vitaseed Pro provides additional targeted antioxidant support.

How long do fertility supplements take to improve sperm quality?

Sperm development takes approximately 74 days, meaning nutritional changes take at least two to three months to influence sperm quality measurably. Starting supplements at least three months before trying to conceive or before an IVF cycle gives the best chance of seeing meaningful improvements.

Should both partners take fertility supplements?

Yes. Male fertility contributes significantly to conception outcomes and early pregnancy health. Both partners supplementing appropriately gives the best overall foundation. If you would like personalised guidance, book a free 1:1 fertility product consultation with our team.

Is CoQ10 worth taking for male fertility?

Yes. CoQ10 is one of the most researched supplements for sperm health, with evidence suggesting it may support motility and protect sperm from oxidative damage. Ubiquinol, the active form, is generally preferred due to its superior bioavailability. Zita West Kaneka Ubiquinol CoQ10 uses the most bioavailable form available.

What is the difference between folic acid and folate for men?

Folic acid is the synthetic form of vitamin B9 that requires conversion by the body. Folate is the bioavailable form that does not require conversion and may be more reliably effective, particularly for men with MTHFR gene variants. All Zita West supplements use Quatrefolic, a patented bioavailable form of folate. Read more about folate vs folic acid here.

References

1. Allouche-Fitoussi D & Breitbart H (2020). The Role of Zinc in Male Fertility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. PMC
2. Young SS et al. (2008). The association of folate, zinc and antioxidant intake with sperm aneuploidy in healthy non-smoking men. Human Reproduction. PubMed

External references: NHS: Infertility

This content is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or replace medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.